The Corpus of Hittite Divinatory Texts (HDivT)

Digital Edition and Cultural Historical Analysis

Mathis Kreitzscheck (Hrsg.)

Citatio: Mathis Kreitzscheck (Hrsg.), hethiter.net/: CTH 532.5 (INTR 2024-07-02)


CTH 532.5

Hittite monthly lunar eclipse omens and lunar halos

introductio



Kurzbeschreibung

CTH 532.5 is a collection of lunar eclipse omens in the individual months of the year. The text is preserved on three Hittite tablets, KBo 8.128 (A), KUB 34.10 (B), and KBo 13.36 (C). ABoT 1.45 (CTH 532.10) may belong here as well. The text uses the verbal form pu-uš-za to describe the eclipse. The obverse of KBo 13.36 does not contain eclipse omens but omens concerning lunar ‘courts’. i. e. halos (ila-).

Texte

Exemplar AKUB 34.10183/eBk. A
Exemplar BKBo 8.128250/mBk.
Exemplar CKBo 13.364/uHaH

Inhaltsübersicht

Abschnitt 1ID=5.1Lunar halos
Abschnitt 2ID=5.2Fragmentary lunar eclipse omens
Abschnitt 3ID=5.3Eclipses from month 1-12

History of Publication

The tablets were copied by H. Otten (KBo 8; KBo 13) and H. Ehelolf (KUB 43). Editions can be found in Riemschneider K.K. 2004a: 19(A).42(C).117-118(B) and Torri G. − Barsacchi F.G. 2018b: 43-44(C).

Paleography and Handwriting

A: New Script/IIIa: E has a high first vertical, TA has very small verticals, GI still uses an angular wedge instead of a Winkelhaken.

B: New Script/IIIa: E has a high first vertical, DA has a broken central horizontal, GI still uses an angular wedge instead of a Winkelhaken.

C: Middle Script/IIb: We find old IG; middle ḪAR with the horizontals in between the Winkelhaken but already open to the right, E has a very small vertical. There appears to be a stepped ID in rev. 12′, although the sign is slightly damaged. For the dating ‘mh?’ see also Torri G. − Barsacchi F.G. 2018b: 43.

Text transmission

A close second-millennium parallel is the only lunar omen text preserved from Old Babylonian Mari, ARM 26.248, whose beginning is destroyed and whose remaining parts contain lunar or solar eclipse omens from month three to month twelve before breaking off. The omens do not duplicate the Ḫattuša texts, but the structure of the text and the topics of the apodoses are similar and also resemble the Old Babylonian lunar eclipse tablets (BM 86381; BM 22696; BM 109154; BM 109154). Monthly eclipse omens also appear in the late Middle Assyrian fragment KAL 11.10, obv. I 1′-10′ from Aššur; they closely parallel the first-millennium series iqqur īpuš §78 and thus parallel our omens only in structure (Labat R. 1965c: 158; Heeßel N. 2021a: 36). Paragraphs 69-80 of the hemerological series iqqur īpuš (Labat R. 1965c: 142-163) are the closest first-millennium structural parallel to CTH 532.5, and especially §69 is equally concerned with floods and the harvest, but still differs. Tablets of this series have also been found at Emar (Emar 6.605-609), but unfortunately, it is not possible to show clear parallels to those fragments, either.

General information

The tablets are mostly fragmentary and only B offers a few undamaged omens. The text lists lunar eclipses during months three to five, using the verb puš-. The apodoses, as much as are preserved, deal with the king, flooding, and the harvest. Monthly lunar eclipse omens of this type also appear in CTH 532.4 and CTH 532.6, but CTH 532.4 is either its own text or an earlier or later passage of this text that cannot be placed, and CTH 532.6 uses different terminology for the eclipse (ak-) and describes additional phenomena during the eclipse.

The obverse of exemplar C does not contain eclipse omens but about the moon’s ‘court’ (ila-), i. e., halo (akk. tarbaṣu). The closest parallel to a combination of eclipses in month 1-12 and lunar halos are the paragraphs 78-79 of iqqur īpuš. The rev. of C may be close to iqqur īpuš §79, while ma-a-an I-NA ITU 5KAM D30-aš pu-uš-⸢za⸣ may be a translation of šumma ina Abi (Sîn adir), found in §76. Since the apodoses do not fit, this remains speculative.

Editio ultima: 2024-07-02