The Corpus of Hittite Divinatory Texts (HDivT)

Digital Edition and Cultural Historical Analysis

Birgit Christiansen

Citatio: Mathis Kreitzscheck (Hrsg.), hethiter.net/: CTH 532.5 (INTR 2024-07-02)


CTH 532.5

Hittite monthly lunar eclipse omens and lunar halos

introductio



Short description

CTH 532.5 is a collection of omens from lunar eclipses observed in the individual months of the year. The text is preserved on three Hittite tablets, KBo 8.128 (A), KUB 34.10 (B), and KBo 13.36 (C). ABoT 1.45 (CTH 532.10) may belong here as well. The text uses the verbal form pu-uš-za to describe the eclipse. The obverse of KBo 13.36 does not contain eclipse omens but rather omens concerning lunar ‘courts’, i. e., halos (ila-).

Texts

Manuscript AKUB 34.10183/eBk. A
Manuscript BKBo 8.128250/mBk.
Manuscript CKBo 13.364/uHaH

History of publication

The tablets were copied by H. Otten (KBo 8; KBo 13) and H. Ehelolf (KUB 34). Editions can be found in Riemschneider K.K. 2004a: 19(A).42(C).117-118(B) and Torri G. − Barsacchi F.G. 2018b: 43–44(C).

Palaeography and handwriting

A: New Script?: E has a high first vertical, TA has very small verticals, GI still uses an angular wedge instead of a Winkelhaken.

B: New Script?: E has a high first vertical, DA has a broken central horizontal, GI still uses an angular wedge instead of a Winkelhaken.

C: Middle Script: We find old IG and middle ḪAR with the horizontals between the Winkelhaken, but already open to the right, while E has a very small vertical. There appears to be a stepped Á in rev. 12′, although the sign is slightly damaged. For the dating ‘mh?’ see also Torri G. − Barsacchi F.G. 2018b: 43.

Linguistic characteristics

The text contains elements of Old Hittite language, noteably the sentence connector ta and the 3.Sg.Prs. in -za. Typical of Old Hittite is also the spelling ti-an-zi without glide (C rev., 9′).

Text transmission

A close second-millennium parallel is the only celestial omen text preserved from Old Babylonian Mari, ARM 26.248, whose beginning is destroyed and whose remaining parts contain lunar or solar eclipse omens from month three to month twelve before breaking off. The omens do not duplicate the Ḫattuša texts, but the structure of the text and the topics of the apodoses are similar. They also resemble those of the Old Babylonian lunar eclipse tablets (BM 16775; 86381; BM 22696; BM 109154, see George A.R. − Taniguchi J. 2023a). Monthly eclipse omens also appear in the late Middle Assyrian fragment KAL 13.10 obv. I, 1′–10′ from Aššur; they closely parallel the first-millennium series iqqur īpuš §78 and thus parallel our omens only in structure (Labat R. 1965c: 158; Heeßel N. 2021a: 36). Paragraphs 69–80 of the hemerological series iqqur īpuš (Labat R. 1965c: 142–163) are the closest first-millennium structural parallel to CTH 532.5, and especially §69 is equally concerned with floods and the harvest, but still differs. Tablets of this series have also been found at Emar (Emar 6.605–609), but unfortunately, it is not possible to show clear parallels to those fragments, either.

General information

The tablets are mostly fragmentary, and only B offers a few undamaged omens. The text lists lunar eclipses during months three to five, using the verb puš-. The apodoses, as much as are preserved, deal with the king, flooding, and the harvest. Monthly lunar eclipse omens of this type also appear in CTH 532.4 and CTH 532.6. There is no overlap between CTH 532.4 and CTH 532.5, so although they could be sections of the same text, they are kept separate here. CTH 532.6 uses different terminology for the eclipse (ak-) and describes additional phenomena during the eclipse.

The obverse of exemplar C does not contain eclipse omens but rather omens about the moon’s ‘court’ (ila-), i. e., halo (akk. tarbaṣu).

Overview of contents

Section 1ID=5.1Lunar halos
Section 2ID=5.2Fragmentary lunar eclipse omens
Section 3ID=5.3Eclipses in months 1–12
Editio ultima: 2024-07-02